In my experience, domestic and feral dog attacks on horses are a much greater problem than other predators in or near suburban areas. Dog attacks on foals are common, but rare in larger adult horses. In areas in which wolves, big cats and large bears range, they may occasionally prey on foals, very rarely larger horses. Coyotes rarely attack foals or miniature breeds, and not full-sized healthy horses.

I have lived in and raised livestock in black bear country all my life and I have never seen credible evidence of a black bear attacking a horse. Mountain lions occasionally attack young growing horses, very rarely adults.

If a foal or adult horse has been savaged by a predator and is still alive, they usually have large and severely contaminated wounds, often around the neck and backline. Injuries can also result from falling or collision with an object as a horse panics, rather than from direct injury by a predator.

Foals can quickly go into septic shock and die without immediate veterinary attention. Adult horses are more likely to survive, but may also require immediate veterinary attention.